Chemical Reactions and Equations – Complete Guide For Class 10 Science Chapter 1

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Chemical reactions are everywhere around us—from the rusting of iron to the digestion of food in our bodies. They form the basis of countless natural and industrial processes that sustain life and drive innovation. CBSE Class 10th Science Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations introduces you to the fascinating world of chemical changes, teaching you how substances transform and interact to create new compounds.

This chapter not only helps you understand the mechanics of chemical reactions but also equips you with the skills to write and balance chemical equations, a critical tool for any budding scientist. Ready to unlock the mysteries behind everyday phenomena? Let’s dive into Chemical Reactions and Equations and explore the science behind these remarkable transformations!

What are Chemical Changes?

As stated in the chapter Chemical Reactions and Equations, Chemical changes are processes that involve the transformation of substances into new products. These changes are always accompanied by chemical reactions. In a chemical reaction, substances can decompose, combine with others, or interchange constituents.

Key Observations of Chemical Changes

You can determine whether a chemical reaction has occurred by observing the following changes:

  • Change in Physical State: Solid to liquid, liquid to gas, etc.
  • Change in Color: For instance, rusting of iron.
  • Change in Temperature: Whether it releases or absorbs heat.
  • Evolution of Gas: Formation of bubbles or gas.

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chemical Reactions

As per the chapter Chemical Reactions and Equations, A chemical reaction brings about a permanent change in substances. The basic components of a chemical reaction are:

  • Reactants: Substances that undergo the reaction.
  • Products: New substances formed as a result of the reaction.

Example: 

Example of chemical reactions and equations from class 10 science guide

Chemical Equations

A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It includes:

  • Formulas and Symbols: Representing reactants and products.
  • Physical States: Indicating the state of each substance (solid, liquid, gas, aqueous).

Information Conveyed by Chemical Equations

The chapter Chemical Reactions and Equations mentions that Chemical equations provide several pieces of information:

  • Formulas, Symbols, and Physical States: Of reactants and products.
  • Relative Number of Atoms and Molecules: Involved in the reaction.
  • The ratio of Moles and Masses: Of reactants and products.
  • Ratio of Volumes: For gaseous reactants and products.
A visual representing the Information Conveyed by Chemical Equations from class 10 science guide chapter 1 - Chemical reactions and equations

Advantages of Chemical Equations

  • Simplified Representation: Makes understanding the reaction easier.
  • Universal Language: Understood globally by chemists.
  • Analysis of Conditions: Helps in studying the effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration.
A visual representing the advantages of Chemical Equations from class 10 science guide chapter 1 - Chemical reactions and equations

Writing Chemical Equations

When writing chemical equations, follow these steps:

  1. Write the Molecular Formulas: Reactants on the left-hand side (LHS) and products on the right-hand side (RHS).
  2. Use Plus (+) Signs: To separate reactants and products.
  3. Use an Arrow (→): To indicate the direction of the reaction.

Example:

The reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid can be represented as:

image 778

Balancing Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.

A visual representation of balancing chemical equations from class 10 science guide chapter 1 - Chemical reactions and equations

Here’s how to balance an equation:

Steps for Balancing Equations

  1. Write the Unbalanced Equation:
image 770
  1. List Number of Atoms:
ElementReactantsProducts
C11
H42
O23
  1. Balance the Compounds:
image 787

4. Recount Atoms: Count on both sides again:

ElementReactantsProducts
C11
H44
O24

  1. Final Balanced Equation:
    AD 4nXdhTs8rsoUx ZTwi5Rr QYRmEtrvUApAkKA0NWdE0SMFut2bvr3 Qo0H86CeV WL0ciwczQ
  2. Include Physical States:
    AD 4nXc7MIIoz7rlkhpdMWynhu9 cTZSxz8jJ6Bu2tWe1cz3z9UdccL6yMV8S3yyoy2FtXjXoE

Thus, we can conclude that: 

image 772

Chemical changes bring out permanent changes in substances through chemical reactions which are represented by chemical equations.

Types of Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions can be classified into several types based on their nature:

A tabular representation of the types of chemical reactions from class 10 science guide

Combination Reaction

Two or more substances combine to form a single product.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of combination reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations
A visual depicting another example of combination reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Decomposition Reaction

A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of decomposition reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Displacement Reaction

An atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of displacement reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Double Displacement Reaction

Two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of double displacement reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Redox Reaction

Involves both oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons).

Classical Concept of Redox Reaction

Reduction reaction means the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

Oxidation Reaction means adding oxygen or removing hydrogen from a substance.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of redox reaction from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Special Types of Reactions

Electrolytic Decomposition

Decomposition through electricity.

Example:

A visual depicting an example of Electrolytic Decomposition from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Photochemical Decomposition

Decomposition in the presence of light.

A visual depicting an example of Photochemical Decomposition from class 10 science chapter - Chemical reactions and equations

Example:

Used in various applications like metal extraction and photography.

Redox Reactions and Oxidation-Reduction

Oxidation and Reduction

  • Oxidation: Loss of electrons or addition of oxygen.
  • Reduction: Gain of electrons or removal of oxygen.

Example:

  • Oxidation
  • AD 4nXdoO FXDvaA2Ol JqKFUe4XSLmhO 8AmmOO1AAEqpmLcB3BwbtyjrCjUcaAZidjFJRzoVpiFVl9hJH1SXhb8bzIkjRycarQY7e rlBO6te2ioqTe
image 792
image 790
image 789
  • Reduction
  • AD 4nXf8xoG9ZliVtKR
  • AD 4nXfndSf2gMV7rJ7VjqRE5CL0Wq6oog 6apq Kil29f3atctg2y2CVEIH84hsuOys2gRmukVTEF9j58I2lEUUtnyvgBFDupiW1h6ekfAwKZBdVYc1R9Ss0G8x2K4a4z8Bs RKzjCOtNdRe2kslw
image 780
image 791

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

  • Oxidizing Agent: Causes oxidation, itself gets reduced.
  • Reducing Agent: Causes reduction, itself gets oxidized.

Example:

  • Oxidizing Agent: AD 4nXd7DTqlJR8mHdkPeIqbqR3JKG5RKajiSSe3nO 5J52KV3B3V kPQ8UmdhXTWT6eK2q10jDC7kM4bGMBKI8asOH5yUSYorBV drb5
  • Reducing Agent:
  • AD 4nXcEM7Q5edQ1gkiUwpYS mr2EY9mv hFbt1O2gNrl6ym0NkY7pxr6YWLjzG8wICR qYPiWxv5w3Em

Now, let’s move towards the different applications of chemical reactions in our daily lives.

Applications of Chemical Reactions

image 781

Combustion

  • Definition: Fast oxidation produces heat and light.
  • Example: Burning of wood or gasoline.

Conditions for Combustion

  1. Presence of Combustible Substances
  2. Presence of Oxygen
  3. Ignition Temperature: Minimum temperature required for a substance to start burning.

Respiration

  • Definition: Slow combustion in living beings to produce energy.

Effects of Redox Reactions

Corrosion

  • Definition: Slow conversion of metal into compounds due to atmospheric conditions.
  • Example: Rusting of iron.
image 782

Rancidity

  • Definition: Deterioration of fatty and oily foods due to oxidation.
  • Prevention: Using antioxidants, airtight packaging, and nitrogen gas in containers.

This blog covers everything you need to know about chemical reactions and equations, from basic definitions to complex types of reactions. Keep this guide handy as you study and apply these concepts in your science journey!

Let’s Conclude

In conclusion, mastering CBSE Class 10th Science Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations is crucial for a deeper understanding of chemical changes and their real-life applications. From recognizing chemical reactions through changes in physical state, color, and temperature, to balancing complex chemical equations, this chapter lays a strong foundation in chemistry.

The diverse types of reactions such as combination, decomposition, and redox reactions are pivotal in understanding how substances interact and transform. As you continue your learning journey with iPrep, you can be confident that the Chapter – Chemical Reactions and Equations is well within your grasp with our comprehensive resources. Dive into this chapter, practice regularly, and watch your confidence grow as you master the intricacies of Chemical Reactions and Equations.

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